Who’s Covered

Determining what the “regular rate of pay” is in any workweek can be a challenge, though. And it can change from week to week, too — based on certain bonuses, incentives and other types of nondiscretionary forms of pay.

3 Tests

The new salary level threshold is one of three tests that executive, administrative and professional (EAP) workers must pass before they’re exempt from overtime pay:

Salary basis. This test assesses how employees are paid. To be exempt from overtime, workers must be paid on a “salary or fee basis” and this amount can’t be reduced because of the quantity or quality of work. If an employee is paid hourly, he or she cannot be exempt.

Salary level. This test considers how much employees must earn, on a salary basis, before their jobs can be exempt from overtime.

This is where the big change happened. The salary threshold increased from $455 a week to $913 a week (from $23,660 to $47,476 a year). The threshold will be automatically updated every three years, with the first update occurring on January 1, 2020. Each update will bring the threshold to the 40th percentile of weekly earnings for full-time salaried workers in the lowest-wage census region, which currently is the South.

In another change, employers can use nondiscretionary bonuses and incentive payments to satisfy up to 10% of the new salary threshold — but the payments must be made at least quarterly.

Duties. This test looks at employees’ job responsibilities. Only the EAP classifications are affected (not outside sales and a few others).

An executive employee’s primary duty must be managing the business, or one of its departments or subdivisions. The employee also must:

An administrative employee must perform office or nonmanual work directly related to the management or general business operations of the employer or its customers, and must include the exercise of discretion and professional judgment. This is probably the most misunderstood and misapplied exemption, so consult an expert.

A professional employee’s primary duties must involve work that requires advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning (usually indicated by a four-year degree); the consistent exercise of discretion and judgment; invention, imagination or originality; or talent in a recognized field of artistic or creative endeavor.

As these three tests show, employees’ exempt status isn’t determined by job title — nor is it determined entirely by salary. It’s only when EAP employees satisfy all three tests that they’re typically exempt from overtime.

Meeting the New Requirements

Employers can meet the new overtime requirements in several ways. Of course, they can raise employees’ salaries so they exceed the new $913 per week threshold to keep them exempt from overtime — but this could be quite costly. They also could calculate a pay rate based on 40 hours in a week at their current pay level, or more likely, estimate average overtime worked and recalculate a lower hourly rate of pay.

Some employers may be able to reorganize workloads to minimize overtime. Or they can hire more people and keep overtime to a minimum (but this could be difficult given the tight labor market).

You can use any method for tracking and recording overtime hours as long as it’s complete and accurate. Technology solutions may help employees who weren’t required to track their time in the past. This will be a communications and enforcement challenge for employers and could have negative consequences on benefits eligibility, work hours flexibility and morale.

Alternatively, employers can classify employees as nonexempt salaried, which may be appropriate if overtime is not common. However, if employees remain salaried (paid the same every week even if they work less than 40 hours), they still must track their time and be paid overtime for all hours worked over 40 in a week.

The Future?

According to the DOL, the new rules will reclassify about 4.2 million workers from overtime exempt to nonexempt. Chances are, your business is covered and must pay overtime to nonexempt employees. We can provide more details.

Sidebar

Highly Compensated Employees Get Adjustments, Too

The new overtime regulations (see main article) also change the total annual compensation requirement for highly compensated employees (HCEs). Formerly at $100,000, it’s now set at the 90th percentile of full-time salaried workers nationally, or $134,004. Most workers earning above this level will be ineligible for overtime, provided they receive at least the standard salary level via a salary or fee, and meet a minimal duties test. The new HCE salary will be adjusted every three years, with the first occurring on January 1, 2020.